Typically when coffee grows there are two flat seeds (typically called beans) per fruit. In some rare cases only one rounded seed will form. This single rounded seed is called a peaberry. The peaberry has a reputation for having a better or more intense flavor profile. This may be the case some of the time but other times the peaberry will be no better than a flat bean from the same crop. One advantage that peaberries do have is that since they are rounded they do roast a little more evenly and a little easier. This is especially important in the case of rustic roasting methods where agitation may not be as thorough as in more modern roasters. This is one reason that it is believe that peaberries have a traditional reputation for superior quality.
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